They were using the laser to excite and ionize the atoms liberated by the heat of the flame in order to measure the characteristic emissions of different flames.
当时他们用这种激光来激发并电离那些被火焰的高温裂解出来的原子,目的是测量不同火焰的特征辐射。
Thermodynamics gives two important pieces of information needed in design, the heat liberated or absorbed during reaction and the maximum possible extent of reaction.
热力学给出设计中需要的两条重要的信息,在反应中会放出和吸收热量,而且最大值可能表示反应的程度。
The heat brings about a chemical reaction, and oxygen is liberated.
热量引起化学反应,释放出氧气。
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